In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. To understand the difference between metals, semiconductors and electrical insulators, we have to define the following terms from solid-state physics: from ionizing radiation) to cross the band gap and to reach the conduction band. In contrast to conductors, electrons in a semiconductor must obtain energy (e.g. In solid-state physics, this energy gap or band gap is an energy range between valence band and conduction band where electron states are forbidden. They have an energy gap less than 4eV (about 1eV). The name semiconductor comes from the fact that these materials have an electrical conductivity between that of a metal, like copper, gold, etc. Semiconductors are materials, inorganic or organic, which have the ability to control their conduction depending on chemical structure, temperature, illumination, and presence of dopants. Insulators, on the other hand, are made of a wide variety of materials depending on factors such as the desired resistance. Conductors are made of high-conductivity materials such as metals, in particular copper and aluminium. Substances in which electricity can flow are called conductors. While resistivity is a material property, resistance is the property of an object. Electrical resistance is expressed in Ohms. Note that, electrical resistivity is not the same as electrical resistance. The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). The symbol of resistivity is usually the Greek letter ρ (rho). ![]() A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows the flow of electric current. m.Įlectrical resistivity and its converse, electrical conductivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how strongly it resists or conducts the flow of electric current.Calcium – Electrical Resistivity and Electrical ConductivityĮlectrical resistivity of Calcium is 33.6 nΩ
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![]() It’s not that it’s particularly difficult to use, but it’s worth spending a bit of time familiarizing yourself with it if this is your first time. It’s fair to say the audio editor’s UI could feel overwhelming to new users. Interestingly, as part of the launch, Audacity also went live with, a music-sharing site designed to help users reach a broader audience. So, there’s plenty of ways to precisely perfect your audio. The latest version, Audacity 3.2, also introduced non-destructive audio editing, making it a much more flexible tool than it was before. It’s a particularly good choice for two-track editing, while a comprehensive library of plugins add additional capabilities. The open-source software may not pack in every feature - it’s not a fully featured DAW - but whether you’re a beginner or a pro, the toolkit is more than well-stocked to accomplish most sound production tasks. When it comes to the best free audio editor, Audacity stands above them all, and has done for many years now. ![]() Whether you're working on the best audio PC or on-the-go with the best laptop for music production, these free audio editors are tailored to fit a variety of creative workflows. We have thoroughly tested, reviewed, and rated each program to cater to different skill levels, from beginners to experienced professionals. Our guide to the best free audio editor is designed to help you find the perfect tool for your project. This means that users can achieve studio-quality sounds and access features commonly found in the best free music-making software, including VST support, multi-track editing, and mixing, as well as access to the best music samples and SFX libraries. These free audio editors, though they may not offer the exhaustive set of features found in their paid counterparts, still provide a robust set of tools adequate for a variety of audio editing needs. While many high-end audio editors like Adobe Audition and Apple Logic Pro, popular among professionals, require a subscription or a one-time purchase fee, the realm of free audio editing software is rich with capable alternatives. ![]() He said at a press conference yesterday that he's referring the newspaper and its reporter for prosecution. Missouri Governor Mike Parson has denounced the Saint Louis Post-Dispatch for what he characterized as the newspaper's "hacking" of the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE). Without Russia in attendance, or aligned with this agreement, the primary threat actors leveraging ransomware will be undeterred." Hey, Governor: isn't Missouri known as the Show-Me State? (Just not the Show-Me-Your-HTML State?) With technical prevention measures continuously falling short and security expertise in short supply, the threat of government prosecution is necessary to curb attacks. "Failing to invite the world’s top safe harbor of ransomware cybercriminals to the ransomware summit," he said, "this is more of a global meeting to complain about Russia. ![]() ![]() That's how Randy Watkins, CTO at CRITICALSTART characterizes the international meeting the White House convened to discuss responses to ransomware. Comment on the ransomware summit: "a global meeting to complain about Russia." US Senator Gary Peters, chairman of the committee explained, “This information will help lead cybersecurity agencies and Congress in our efforts to establish a comprehensive strategy to punish cybercriminals for targeting American networks and prevent them from disrupting lives and livelihoods across our nation.” The bills will now go to the Senate for consideration. Homeland Preparedness News reports that the Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee has approved two new bills, the Cyber Incident Reporting Act and the Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2021, which require critical infrastructure entities and civilian federal agencies to report attacks and ransom payments to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). Two US cyber bills advance in the Senate. The gamification of cyber talent cultivation.US Army CIO offers perspective on Sino-American tech rivalry.Missouri's Governor wants prosecution of reporter who discovered and privately disclosed a data exposure incident.Cybersecurity bills advance in the US Senate. ![]() At OGX, originality not unattainable looks, inspire us BOOST SHINE AND BODY: We know what you love about your hair, so we made this professional quality, cream, blended with argan oil, helps boost your hair's shine & body to make you love it more.This hair cream helps gives your hair volume & shine OGX RENEWING MOROCCAN ARGAN OIL Curling Perfection Defining Cream helps give your hair more body and build while helping to keep your hair soft, brushable & manageable all-day long. ![]() Stanley products purchased from Stanley Resellers come with a lifetime warranty. Since 1913 we’ve promised to provide capable gear for food and drink, built to last a lifetime. 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![]() When I got back to it, I was "too old".Īnyway my last character was HARDASS MCMARYSUE for up 'till like the end of young adulthood. I hit that a couple times, but kept getting "you need to be older". ![]() Freud’s English translator indeed used the Latin word ‘id’.Yeah cganya.
![]() While the Commissioners initially rejected Foulis's plan, one commissioner eventually encouraged Foulis to submit detailed plans to the Commission. Foulis repeatedly presented his concept to the Commissioners of Light Houses for the Bay of Fundy for installation on Partridge Island. Foulis is said to have heard his daughter playing the piano in the distance on a foggy night, and noticed the low notes were more audible than the higher notes: he then designed a device to produce a low-frequency sound, as well as a code system for use with it. The first automated steam-powered foghorn was invented by Robert Foulis, a Scotsman who emigrated to Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. Another Trinity House fog siren installation on Flat Holm, now restored by the Flat Holm Project Bearing mechanism of Sumburgh lighthouse Foghorn ( Shetland) Trinity House warning notice This installation uses a siren to produce sound. Mechanization Foghorn at the Lizard Lighthouse, Cornwall. Ĭaptain James William Newton claimed to have been the inventor of the fog signalling technique using loud and low notes. Ships were required to carry bells, with an exemption for Turkish ships because Islam forbade the use of bells. Stricken bells were developed throughout the 1800s with the use of a governor, including the use of a giant triangle of 4 ft long sides in Maine in 1837. ![]() Ĭlockwork systems were also developed for striking bells. At Portland Bill, for example, which had a five-minute interval between fog-signals, this meant the horns had to be lowered, the two new charges inserted, and the horns raised again every five minutes during foggy periods. However, the charge had to be manually replaced after each signal. Trinity House eventually developed a system (the "Signal, Fog, Mk I") for firing a gun-cotton charge electrically. Throughout the 19th century efforts were made to automate the signalling process. ![]() In the United States, whistles were also used where a source of steam power was available, though Trinity House, the British lighthouse authority, did not employ them, preferring an explosive signal. The fog bell at Fort Point Light Station, Maine.Īudible fog signals have been used in one form or another for hundreds of years, initially simply fog bells or gongs struck manually.Īt some lighthouses, a small cannon was let off periodically to warn away ships, but this was labor-intensive and dangerous. History Early fog signals An early form of fog signal. Semi-automatic operation of foghorns was achieved by using a clockwork mechanism (or "coder") to sequentially open the valves admitting air to the horns each horn was given its own timing characteristics to help mariners identify them. Others used air forced through holes in a rotating cylinder or disk, in the same manner as a siren. Some horns, such as the Daboll trumpet, used vibrating plates or metal reeds, a similar principle to a modern electric car horn. When visual navigation aids such as lighthouses are obscured, foghorns provide an audible warning of rock outcrops, shoals, headlands, or other dangers to shipping.Īll foghorns use a vibrating column of air to create an audible tone, but the method of setting up this vibration differs. The term is most often used in relation to marine transport. Building housing the two diaphone foghorns at Split Rock Light.Ī foghorn or fog signal is a device that uses sound to warn vehicles of navigational hazards such as rocky coastlines, or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. All the sound effects are royalty free for instant download in WAV and MP3 format.For other uses, see Foghorn (disambiguation). A sound library of ships and boats of all kinds: boat, modern and antique ship, ferry, submarine, canoe, fishing boat, sailboat and also foghorn. ![]() ![]() Did you came up with a solution that did not solve the clue? No worries the correct answers are below. ![]() (All quotes are taken from the advance copy and are subject to change in final print.Make a long story short NYT Crossword Clue Answers are listed below. ![]() Thank you to Wednesday Books and Netgalley for providing me with an advance copy. Opinions expressed in this review are completely my own. I received a complimentary copy of this book. A heartwarming read for the long summer days! This sweet story had me cheering Bea and her friends on, wishing I would have come across a Shakespearean summer camp back in the day, and fondly remembering my own high school experience on the stage. “Maybe this new Bea didn’t sacrifice her previous self but was able to find out how to bridge the two people who now seemed to live in her skin.” Serena Kaylor, Long Story Short Well-rounded, supportive, and funny, they are just the kinds of friends everyone needs, but they also have problems and lives of their own. Bea has been very closed off since an unfortunate event in her past and she finally opens up to new experiences, spear-headed by a few new friends, whom I loved so much. One of my favorite things about the book: the friendships. Some of the characters may seem a bit stereotypical in the beginning, but their many facets shine through as the reader gets to know them. My affection for these characters only grew stronger as I read, and while there is plenty of drama (it is a Shakespearian summer camp!), the story never crosses over into the overly cheesy territory. Was there a specific moment in the book that won me over? Why, yes, there was! An adorable Shakespeare quote-off between our main character Bea and Nik, the son of the camp founders. I started Long Story Short in a slight reading slump, so while it took me a bit to get into the story, halfway through I found my groove and found myself smiling so much. This contemporary romance has the right balance of friendships and love interests, with plenty of personal growth for the main character and a very satisfactory ending. If you’re a fan of High School Musical-esq tales or enjoy new takes on Shakespeare, you should enjoy Long Story Short, the YA debut from Serena Kaylor. In this sparkling debut from Serena Kaylor, Long Story Short is a YA rom-com about a homeschooled math genius who finds herself out of her element at a theater summer camp and learns that life-and love-can’t be lived by the (text)book. But before the final curtain falls, will Beatrice realize that there’s more to life than she can find in the pages of a book? With her future on the line, this girl genius stumbles through illicit parties, double dog dares, and more than your fair share of Shakespeare. When she’s adopted by a group of eclectic theater kids, and immediately makes an enemy of the popular-and, annoyingly gorgeous-British son of the camp founders, she realizes that relationships are trickier than calculus. Unfortunately, hearts and hormones don’t follow any rules, and there is no equation for teenage interactions. She has six weeks to show her parents she can pull off the role of “normal” teenager and won’t spend the rest of her life hiding in a library. The compromise: the Connecticut Shakespearean Summer Academy and a detailed list of teenage milestones to check off. But while math has always made sense to Beatrice, making friends is a problem she hasn’t been able to solve, so her parents are worried about sending her halfway across the world. She always thought the hardest part would be getting in, not convincing her parents to let her go. Growing up homeschooled in Berkeley, California, Beatrice Quinn is a statistical genius who has dreamed her whole life of discovering new mathematical challenges at a school like Oxford University. “Like the best of the Bard himself, Long Story Short combines dazzling repartee with iconic, nuanced characters and the kind of charged, perfectly paced romance fit for the world stage.” -Emily Wibberley and Austin Siegemund-Broka, authors of Always Never Yours ![]() Jim Downs is the Gilder Lehrman-National Endowment for the Humanities Professor of Civil War Era Studies and History. Natasha Trethewey, Northwestern UniversityĮmily West, University of Reading, United Kingdom Gwendolyn DuBois Shaw, University of Pennsylvania ![]() Lisa Tendrich Frank, Author and Historianīarbara Gannon, University of Central Floridaīritt Rusert, University of Massachusetts, Amherst We encourage contributors and readers to contact us directly at of Editors:Ĭatherine Clinton, University of Texas at San Antonio In addition to the major articles in each issue, comprehensive book reviews assist the scholar in keeping abreast of current literature in the field.Īs the outstanding forum for studies in this pivotal period in American history, Civil War History belongs in every major library collection, including those for students, historians, buffs, and the interested general reader.Ĭivil War History is especially seeking pioneering scholarship that investigates the cultural, social, and comparative history of the Civil War era. Its topics include slavery and abolition, antebellum and Reconstruction politics, diplomacy, social and cultural developments in mid–nineteenth century America, and military history. ![]() About Civil War History is in its seventh decade as the leading scholarly journal of “the middle period”-covering the entire scope of the American Civil War era, from the genesis of the sectional crisis through Reconstruction and beyond, highlighting the ramifications of warfare on society. ![]() In his junior season, Hester returned 19 punts for 326 yards and three touchdowns, along with 15 kickoffs for 389 yards and a score, while also intercepting four passes. He was known as "Hurricane Hester" by his fans and teammates. Hester became the first football player in the Miami Hurricanes' recent history to play as member of the special, offensive, and defensive teams. Ultimately, Hester completed his college career with a total of six touchdowns from kick returns (4 punts, 2 kickoffs), one blocked field goal return, one rushing touchdown, one receiving touchdown and recorded five interceptions as a defensive back. In a game against Duke in 2005, Hester broke six tackles while returning an 81-yard punt. During his freshman year, Hester returned an opening kick for a 98-yard touchdown against the Florida Gators. ![]() His ability to thrust laterally and break away from pursuers made him one of the nation's most dangerous return specialists. As a sophomore in 2004, he earned national recognition as a kick returner after being named a first-team All-American by the Walter Camp Football Foundation and The Sporting News. Personal bests EventĪfter completing high school, Hester enrolled at the University of Miami, where he played for the Miami Hurricanes football team from 2003 to 2005. He also competed in the 60 meters and 100 meters, posting personal bests of 6.77 seconds and 10.62, 10.42W seconds, respectively. He also captured the 2004 Big EAST Indoor long jump title as a member of the University of Miami track and field team, with a leap of 7.37 meters. While at Suncoast, he received All-America accolades, and he ranked second nationally in the long jump as a junior. Hester was also a standout track athlete. Ĭonsidered a five-star recruit by, Hester was listed as the second best cornerback in the nation in 2002. His success prompted his teammates to nickname him "Sugar Foot". Hester also participated in the 2002 CaliFlorida Bowl, where he returned a kick for an 80-yard touchdown. He earned recognition from as the top high school prospect in Florida and Parade, who named Hester onto their All-American team. Hester attended first Palm Beach Gardens High, then on to Suncoast High School, where he played football as a cornerback, wide receiver, return specialist, and running back. In addition to football, he also enjoyed playing soccer and following baseball. Fred Taylor of the University of Florida was Hester's favorite athlete. He was also a fan of the Chicago Bulls during the Michael Jordan and Phil Jackson era. ![]() He especially idolized Deion Sanders, Emmitt Smith, and Michael Irvin. ĭuring his youth, Hester enjoyed following the Dallas Cowboys. He soon returned to his normal life and began to excel in sports. His step-father, Derrick Brown, and brother, Lenorris Jr., helped Hester escape his depression and rebuild his life by introducing him to football. Before he became a teenager, his mother was severely injured in a car accident, while his father died of complications from AIDS two years later. His parents separated when he was a toddler. ĭevin Hester was born to Juanita Brown and Lenorris Hester Sr. ![]() He holds the NFL record for most all-time return touchdowns-punt and kickoff combined-and most all-time punt return touchdowns. Originally drafted as a cornerback, Hester quickly made an impact as a kick returner, and later became a wide receiver. He is regarded as one of the greatest return specialists in NFL history. He is also the first and only player to return the opening kick of a Super Bowl for a touchdown, accomplishing that in Super Bowl XLI. In addition to Chicago, Hester also played for the Atlanta Falcons, the Baltimore Ravens and the Seattle Seahawks over his 11-season NFL career. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes, where he was the first player in the university's recent history to play in all three phases of American football: offense, defense and special teams. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. (born November 4, 1982) is an American former football wide receiver and return specialist who played in the National Football League (NFL). Most return touchdowns in a season: 6 (2007 tied)ĭevin Devorris Hester Sr.University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame.3× NFL Alumni Special Teams Player of the Year (2006, 2007, 2010).2× NFL punt return yards leader (2006, 2010).2× NFL kickoff return yards leader (2013, 2014). Grease a muffin tin or line the wells with parchment paper muffin liners.Remove from the oven and set aside to cool. Arrange the squash in a single layer on a parchment paper lined baking sheet and roast for 30 minutes, until soft. Toss the butternut squash with 1 tablespoon of olive oil and season with a few grinds of salt and pepper. Muffin Storage: These butternut squash muffins can be stored at room temperature for 2 days, refrigerated for up to 5 days, or frozen for up to 3 months.The muffins are also delicious lightly toasted with butter. Serve Warm: While also great at room temperature, warming the muffins in a 350☏ oven for 5-6 minutes helps crisp the tops back up.Cooling the muffins fully in the pan traps steam and results in soggier muffins. Cool on a Wire Rack: After 5 minutes, remove the muffins from the tin and cool on a wire rack.Golden and Crispy Tops: Start the muffins at high heat for the initial rise, then lower the temperature slightly and bake until the tops of the muffins are golden, slightly crispy, and spring back when pushed with a finger. ![]() This helps equally divide the batter to ensure uniform baking. Scoop into the Pan: Use a cookie or ice cream scoop to transfer the batter into the muffin tins.Fold Gently: Carefully fold the dry ingredients into the wet ingredients until just combined.Roasting removes excess moisture, which concentrates flavors and prevents the muffins from becoming soggy. Roast the Squash: Roast the butternut squash before adding it to the batter.Tips and Tricks for the Best Savory Butternut Squash Muffins While grating or microwaving/steaming the squash technically works, we’d miss out on all the extra flavor compounds achieved by roasting and the concentrated squash flavor! Recommended Tools to Make Butternut Squash Muffins ![]() Furthermore, as the squash roasts, the water content is reduced, concentrating the flavor of the squash. Roasting causes the natural sugars in the butternut squash to caramelize, imparting a sweet and slightly nutty flavor to the squash, resulting in the creation of new flavor compounds. The good news is that you can do this ahead of time – roast your squash a day or two before making muffins! Or roast an extra large squash and use the remaining squash for another dish or to add to salads during the week.īut I promise, there is a reason why we’re going to actually roast the squash first and not just microwave it or grate raw squash into the muffins, as you’d do with zucchini. You’ll notice that these muffins start with roasted squash. Bake: Scoop the batter into muffin cups and bake at 425☏ for 5 minutes, followed by an additional 13-15 minutes at 375☏.Combine Dry Ingredients: Add the flour, baking soda, baking powder, salt, and pepper to the bowl and gently mix until no streaks of flour remain.Stir in the squash, kale, Parmesan, and sage. Mix Wet Ingredients: In a large bowl, combine the buttermilk, eggs, olive oil, and mustard.Prep the Squash: Peel and cube the butternut squash, toss it with some olive oil and salt and pepper, and roast until soft and just starting to brown.Flour: To keep these muffins gluten-free, substitute in a 1:1 gluten-free all-purpose baking mix for the all-purpose flour.Parmesan: Use shredded Parmesan cheese – preferably freshly shredded – rather than the powdery kind that comes in a can.Kale: Substitute in other favorite leafy greens, like collard greens, chard, or spinach.Buttermilk: Add a tablespoon of white vinegar to whole milk if you don’t have buttermilk on hand.Butternut Squash: These would also work well with sweet potatoes, sugar pumpkins, buttercup squash, or acorn squash.Whether you like them room temperature, warmed in the oven, or toasted with a little bit of butter, these butternut squash muffins are the perfect side for any time of day. ![]() Crumbled on top of a bowl of chili? Count me in. Served alongside some scrambled eggs with breakfast? Also yes. And yes, I’m sneaking this in right before Thanksgiving in case you need a super easy holiday-worthy side - but these are also delicious any time in the fall. We’re going savory – and packed full of fall flavors – for this month’s muffin recipe. For easy fall baking, look no further than these Savory Butternut Squash Muffins, which combine roasted butternut squash, leafy greens, fall herbs, and Parmesan cheese, resulting in easy-to-make flavorful muffins. |
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